Ion-exchange Deionization Reverse Osmosis

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Abstract

High-purity water is a relative term. Depending on the industry, the term high-purity can mean something totally different. Todayﾒs municipal drinking water, regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act and its amendments, might be called high-purity water when compared with drinking water consumed by humans over the past thousands of years. Municipal drinking water is regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) primary standards to single-digit, parts per billion (ppb), or micrograms per milliliter (g/mL) levels for certain metals and organic compounds, to less than 1 Nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) for clarity, and to less than 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (secondary standard) for total dissolved solids (TDS).

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