ARSENIC DEIONIZATION FOULING HEAVY METALS ION EXCHANGE NITRATES SOFTENING TROUBLESHOOTING

Download Full Article

Abstract

Ion exchange (IX) continues to gain popularity as the method of choice to remove trace contaminants from potable water, process water, boiler feedwaters, and industrial effluents. These are new and rapidly growing applications. The number of substances listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencyﾒs (EPA) Maximum Contaminants List (MCL) continues to grow. Also, the MCL levels and purity requirements in all applications are becoming more stringent as our ability to measure lower concentrations of all substances and correlate them with health and production, benefits improves. To cite just a few examples, boron, total organic carbon (TOC), arsenic, and perchlorate are now specified to parts-per-billion (ppb) and sodium to parts-per-trillion (ppt) in applications where they were not mentioned 20 years ago.

Log in or Subscribe to Access the Full Article

To read or download full-length articles you need a subscription to Ultrapure. Please log in or subscribe below.