ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES PRETREATMENT REVERSE OSMOSIS SCALING SOFTENING

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Abstract

Ion-exchange (IX) softening of reverse osmosis (RO) feed is an effective method of scale control for RO plants. Attempts have been made in the past to use the RO concentrate as an alternative ﾓfree regenerantﾔ source, but these have met with limited success as evident from the industryﾒs current reliance on dosing of antiscalants and acid for scale control. As early as 1972, Bresler (1) demonstrated the successful use of RO to regenerate a softening resin after it had been used to pre-soften brackish feedwater. Despite this early success, the industryﾒs recognition that 10% brine concentration provides optimum regeneration efficiency (see Figure 1) has dissuaded designers from fully exploring the use of lower concentrations.

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