CLEANING FOULING ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES MUNICIPAL WATER REVERSE OSMOSIS SCALING

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Abstract

The first article reviewed performance problems that can impact reverse osmosis (RO) system operation, including the feedwater source and composition. Also examined were pretreatment chemicals and filtration methods. Common pretreatment chemicals that must be considered include chloramines, coagulants and flocculants, and antiscalants. Pretreatment filtration operations often found prior to RO equipment may include sand filters/multimedia filters, greensand filters, cartridge filters, string-wound cartridge filters, and depth filters. Part 1 also reviewed membrane cleaning methods and chemicals. Common types of cleaning chemicals include generic and branded treatments, perborate and percarbonate cleaners, and hydrogen peroxide. In this article, the author considers examples in RO system operation, and approaches to lower operational expenses.

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