CHLORINE DIOXIDE PETROLEUM PRODUCED WATER

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Abstract

In Part 1 of this article series, we reviewed the use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) to treat oilfield produced and flowback water. One focus of that article was on the safe use of ClO2. Part 2 reviews the generation equipment appropriate for use in oil fields as well as issues related to the use of ClO2. Appropriate ClO2 Generation Technologies There are several ways of producing ClO2. For hydraulic fracturing, ClO2 is made by the precise mixing of acid (typically ~15% HCl), bleach (typically ~12.5% NaOCl, industrial strength bleach), and aqueous sodium chlorite (25% Na ClO2) in a chemical mixer called, for historical reasons, a ﾓgenerator.ﾔ Two types of generators exist, pump-based and eductor-based. Both will be discussed.

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