DESALINATION ENVIRONMENTAL MEMBRANES MUNICIPAL WATER REUSE REVERSE OSMOSIS

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Abstract

Disposal of concentrate (brine) from brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) desalination plants (brackish desalters) is usually one of the key limiting factors associated with the wider implementation of inland brackish water desalination. Currently, in many locations brackish water concentrate from inland desalters is disposed most often by either deep well injection into high-salinity aquifers, or it is conveyed using a regional interceptor pipeline to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and discharged to the ocean using the treatment plantﾒs ocean outfall. The first disposal method (i.e., disposal to a deep saline aquifer) is often limited by the capacity of this aquifer and is very dependent on the availability of such an aquifer in the vicinity of the brackish desalter. The second approach (i.e., disposal through the outfall of existing WWTP) is also relatively costly and more importantly, it occupies outfall capacity and thereby, it indirectly limits the treatment capacity of the host WWTP. Both alternatives treat brine from inland desalters as a waste and involve significant expenditures for the disposal of this brine.

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